Legal Rulings Have Dramatically Impacted Credit Card Industry
by Bill Hardekopf
Over the past four years, Congress and the Federal Reserve have passed and enacted many rules that changed the credit card industry. While the CARD Act and other reforms have received the headlines, the judicial branch has quietly left its mark on the credit card business. These legal rulings have cost banks and credit card issuers hundreds of millions of dollars, and may have indirectly led to higher rates and fees for consumers.
Whenever banks incur additional costs or have their revenue stream cut in one area, they typically make up that money by raising the rates or fees in another area. And we, the consumers, will usually be the ones paying the price for those additional rates or higher fees.
Here is a look at some of the recent legal actions that have had a dramatic effect on the credit card industry:
- Interchange fees remain a battleground between banks and retailers. Last year, regulations lowered the interchange fee that retailers had to pay banks for debit card transactions. But the rules did not address the interchange fee for credit cards. Retailers have turned to the courts to litigate their way to lower interchange payments for credit cards. Retailers want to add a fee when a customer pays with a credit card, but Visa and MasterCard currently prohibit this. A possible settlement may allow merchants to add a surcharge on credit card transactions. This would help retailers cover the cost of accepting credit cards by passing the fee to consumers and raising the cost of the purchase. Merchants have filed over 50 lawsuits since 2005 to argue that Visa, MasterCard and several banks, including Bank of America, J.P. Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Capital One and Citigroup, have collaborated to fix the fees that merchants pay to accept cards, a violation of antitrust laws.
The trial date is set for September, but an earlier settlement is possible. In the meantime, banks are setting aside cash to pay for the regulations. According to the Wall Street Journal, financial analysts have speculated the pre-tax bill would run about $1.2 billion to $1.8 billion if MasterCard and rival Visa Inc. settle the suit. MasterCard set aside $495 million in its fourth quarter. The Wall Street Journal reported in January that Visa set aside $1.6 billion to cover potential costs from pending merchant lawsuits. - Discover is facing regulatory action by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Consumer Financial Protection over its marketing of fee-based products like payment protection and other add-on services. Discover estimates that possible losses could exceed $100 million. According to the Wall Street Journal, the company has been accused in lawsuits of misleading marketing tactics to get consumers to sign up for services.
- In January, the Supreme Court ruled that consumers who sign a credit card agreement which features an arbitration clause do not have the option to dispute any charges or fees in the courtroom. This applies to almost every person who has a credit card, since nearly all credit cards have an arbitration tucked into the fine print. The arbitration clause may restrict consumers from joining class action lawsuits against a company.
- In November of 2011, a federal judge in Miami gave final approval for a $410 million settlement in a class action lawsuit over Bank of America's overdraft fee. The settlement was divided among the more than 13 million Bank of America customers who had an overdraft during the past decade. These customers claimed the bank processed debit card transactions in the order of highest to lowest dollar amount, so Bank of America could maximize the overdraft fees customers were charged.
- In November 2011, the court gave final approval of a Currency Conversion Fee Antitrust settlement over how the credit card companies charged fees when purchases were made outside the United States. Nearly $276 million was distributed to 10 million consumers to compensate them for the setting and disclosure of foreign currency conversion fees (lawyers received more than $51 million). Some of the defendants in the case were Bank of America, Chase, Citibank, MBNA, Visa, and MasterCard.
Bill Hardekopf is CEO of LowCards.com, a site that simplifies the confusion of shopping for credit cards. It is a free, independent website that helps consumers easily compare credit cards in a variety of categories such as lowest rates, rewards, rebates, balance transfers and lowest introductory rates.
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